A Study of Intra Equatorial Steric Effects in Vit B₁₂ Alkylcobaloxime Models
- Saroj Sharma and Kushal Qanungo
Contact: kushalq@rediffmail.com
Abstract :The structures of organocobaloximes with pyridine and methyl groups as the axial ligands and glyoxime (gH), cyclohexanedione dioxime (chgH), dimethyl glyoxime (dmgH), methyl phenyl glyoxime (mpgH), diphenyl glyoxime (dpgH) and mesityl glyoxime (mestgH) as the equatorial ligands have been modelled by using semi-empirical method (PM6). The strong correlations between the systematic variations in the internal angles of the equatorial chelate ring points to the common origin of these variations in the steric bulk of the different oximic substituents. The modelled structures show a clear lateral compression with increasing bulk of the dioximic substituent much like the ones observed in the x-ray crystal structures of the complexes. A concomitant elongation of bis dioxime framework is also observed for the fi rst time in organocobaloximes.

Mixed Salts of Amino Acids: L-Ornithinium(2+) Sulfate Hydrogen Fluoride and Tri-L-Ornithinium(2+) Dinitrate Disulfate
- M. Fleck, V.V. Ghazaryan and A.M. Petrosyan
Contact: apetros@iapp.sci.am
Abstract: Crystals of the salts of L-ornithinium(2+) sulfate hydrogen fl uoride and tri- L-ornithinium(2+) dinitrate disulfate have been obtained from synthesis out of aqueous solution. By means of XRD and vibrational spectroscopy (ATR FTIR and Raman), the crystal and molecular structures were determined. The orthorhombic crystals of L-ornithinium(2+) sulfate hydrogen fl uoride (space group P2₁2₁2₁) comprise one L-ornithinium(2+) cation, one sulfate anion and one hydrogen fl uoride molecule within the asymmetric unit. In the hexagonal crystals of tri-L-ornithinium(2+) dinitrate disulfate (space group P6₃), there is one L-ornithinium(2+) cation, as well as two sulfate and two nitrate anions, located on special positions with site occupation factors of 1/3. The crystal structure of L-ornithinium(2+) sulfate hydrogen fluoride is characterized by O–H···O, N–H···O and F–H···O hydrogen bonds to the sulfate anions, as well as N–H···F hydrogen bonds, in tri-L-ornithinium(2+) dinitrate disulfate O–H···O and N–H···O type hydrogen bonds connect the building units. A comparison with the structure of L-ornithinium(2+) sulfate monohydrate is presented.

Refinement of Gini-Mean Inequalities and Their Connections with Divergence Measures
- Inder Jeet Taneja
Contact: tanejaijtaneja@gmail.com
Abstract: In 1938, Gini [3] studied a mean having two parameters. Later, many authors studied properties of this mean. In particular, it contains the famous means as harmonic, geometric, arithmetic, etc. Also it contains as a particular case the power mean of order r and Lehmer mean [4]. In this paper we have considered inequalities arising due to Gini-Mean and Heron’s mean. These inequalities are improved based on the results studied by author [13].

Mathematical Modelling of Single Species Finite Population Growth with Specified Ratio in Two Age Groups
- V.P. Saxena and Vimlesh Kumar Chaturvedi
Contact: vinodpsaxena@gmail.com; vkc1012@gmail.com
Abstract: This paper studies linear models of fi nite populations divided into two age groups on the basis of reproductive activity. The model incorporates variable birth and death rates with migration factor. Some specifi c examples have been discussed numerically.

Bioenergy from Waste Remediation: Recent Advances Towards Environmental Biorefinery
- S. Venkata Mohan, K. Amulya, J. Annie Modestra, Omprakash Sarkar, A. Naresh Kumar, M. V. Rohit and C. Nagendranatha Reddy
Contact: vmohan_s@yahoo.com; svmohan@iict.res.in
Abstract: Wastewater containing enormous amounts of biodegradable organics is currently the most sought-after feedstock for bioenergy generation due to its renewable and sustainable nature. It is essential to develop sustainable waste treatment technologies coupled with energy generation to meet the mounting energy demands and environmental problems associated with the use of fossil fuels. The inherent potential of the diverse microfl ora present in wastewater can be effectively exploited for the generation of bioenergy along with the recovery of value added products in a cost effective manner/way. Keeping environmental biorefi nery approach as the focal objective, an attempt was made in this communication to discuss in detail the four forms of value-addition viz., biohydrogen, bioelectricity, lipids and bioplastics from waste/wastewater remediation being carried out our lab for past 15 years.

Scale-Dependent Turbulence as a Limiter of a Gravity-Driven Flow
- Jayanta K. Bhattacharjee and Arnab K. Ray
Contact: jkb@hri.res.in; arnab.kumar@juet.ac.in
Abstract: A scaling relation for an effective turbulent viscosity is obtained from the coupling of the subsonic mean fl ow and turbulent fl uctuations on very large spatial scales of a gravity-driven spherically symmetric accreting system. This leads to a dynamic scaling for sound propagation in accretion processes, and also defi nes a spatial limit for gravity to drive the accretion process.
PACS numbers: 47.27.-i, 98.62.Mw

UML Model for the Standardization of Heterogeneous Material Representation for Additive Manufacturing
- Sanat Agrawal and Amba Datt Bhatt
Contact: sanat.agrawal@juet.ac.in; sanata999@yahoo.com; abhatt@mnnit.ac.in; amba_bhatt@yahoo.com
Abstract: Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology provides a means for producing parts with functionally graded or heterogeneous material. Current CAD systems and AM fi le formats focus on homogeneous materials. Several schemes for representation of heterogeneous materials are considered here. The use of R-Function Method (RFM) with distance fi eld appears to enable representation of continuous material property distribution inside any volume bounded by implicitly defi ned surfaces. This paper provides a Unifi ed Modeling Language (UML) model for the representation of heterogeneous material using RFM. The core product model developed at NIST provides a core representation for product development information which can form the basis of next generation product development systems. The UML model is incorporated in the core product model so that the core product model holds also when the material is heterogeneous. The characteristics of several representation schemes are listed and compared. Capabilities provided in ISO 10303 for material property variation are discussed.

Impacts of Bio-Diesel Fuels on Exhaust Emissions
- Revanuru Subramanyam and Ashok Kumar
Contact: revanuru@rediffmail.com; ashok.kumar@utoledo.edu
Abstract: Bio-diesel (BD) is a young fuel and become more attractive recently due to derived from renewable resources and non-toxic in nature. Emissions from transportation sources are considered to greatly contribute to air pollution and greenhouse gases release. BD can effectively reduce the exhaust emission concentrations from diesel sources. This paper examines the impact of using BD fuels on exhaust emissions in the transportation system. A review of soybean/ethanol/methanol blended BD based fuels has been carried out. The properties of BD give us relative magnitude of emissions of different contaminants. The levels of different pollutants depend on engine type, engine running condition, and grade and type of BD.